JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight text-based format used to store and exchange data. It is easy for humans to read and write, and simple for machines to parse and generate. JSON represents data using key–value pairs and structured objects, making it widely used in web services, APIs, and modern applications.

Example: Simple JSON object

{
  "sender": "Alice",
  "receiver": "Bob",
  "message": "Hello!"
}

This example represents a simple message stored as structured data.